Iagos Revenge in Shakespeares Othello :: Othello essays

Iagos Revenge in Othello Iago has a large appetite for revenge. In his perspective, he believes that it is he who should be in charge, non Othello the moor. This creates an anger in Iago, who entraps Othello in a web of deceit. He does this through a series of suggestions and hesitations that entice and implant images in Othellos head that lead to his demise. yet what is more important is that he gives Othello the motive to murder innocent Desdemona. Iago is constantly like a puppet master, pulling the strings of the people around him. on that point atomic number 18 many instances in the play where Iago is left by himself. He utilises these opportunities by telling his future plans to the audience. It would seen that he likes talking to himself about himself, which suggests he has a lot inner turmoil that he harbors close to his chest, but when the opportunity arises, he describes his deeds with a passion. In the first of these monologues, he makes his intentions p erfectly clear. He implies that Othello has had an closeness with his wife by stating I hate the moor, And it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets Hes done my office. The irony of this statement is that in the next line he says that he does not know it for a fact, but because he suspects it, he will act as if for certain This gives me the impression from the beginning, that Iago is insane and exceedingly paranoid, going so far as to set up a cache of murders, just on the suspicion of adultery. Iago was also jealous of the open and loving relationship that Othello had. When Othello and Desdemona ar reunited after the journey to Cyprus, he kisses her in full view of everyone. Iago treats his wife as an object and she knows it. In Act three, Scene four, she tells Desdemona They are but stomachs, we are but food, and when they are full, they belch us. In Iagos racist mind, he views his superior, Othello, as being of an inferior creed. He sees him as possessing an evil mind and soul, and having no right to marry the very white and very naive Desdemona.

Essay on Mathematics - The True Universal Language :: Graduate Admissions Essays

Mathematics - The True Universal Language   The true universal human actors line is non punctuated by accents or vowel intonations it does not spring from any particular continent it rises above ink on paper, scratches on the earth or daubs of create on the wall of a cave.  No, I am a firm believer that the true universal human language is composed of meter.  For term numeric characters may vary across the globe, the logic they convey transcends borders, localities, and customs. The language of numbers flows from the inherent human capacity to reason. It is my love for the reach and power of numbers that started my course in Mathematics and Electrical Engineering and has inspired me to pursue graduate constitute in Database Management Systems.  In my native Hungary, I was the master of the issue mathematics competition award before going on to study Mathematics at MIT.  My academic career at MIT was immensely enriching, and my profound work landed me a t the top of my classes.  I was awarded the _____________ Scholarship and was on both the Computer Science National Deans List and the MIT University Deans List.  But just as authorized as my awards and honors was the assistance and support I received from my professors, who not only taught but nurtured me.  As an undergraduate  Teaching Assistant under Dr. __________, I ranked papers and worked with the students-an experience that encouraged me to think about a future teaching position.  And in my independent research study project in mixed Systems Theory, completed under the direction of Dr._________________, I was able to learn in a creative, exploratory fashion.   This project cemented my decision to venture into postgraduate studies.   My yesteryear projects pertain around analyzing, formulating and delivering solutions in every stage of providing Microsoft-format software for major Fortune500 companies.  I have also designed a database system (implemented in SQL Server) and real wait end applications in Visual C++ and Visual Basic that used ODBC and DAO to access the server.  This work piqued my interest in doing research in the study of database systems, and I started to think more analytically about the limitations of relational databases.  I became interested in object-oriented databases, particularly their flexibility and their ability to meet the requirements of more decomposable structures.   In my graduate studies, I plan to focus my research on optimizing queries and improving the performance of complex systems such as image, engineering, or scientific database systems. adjudicate on Mathematics - The True Universal Language Graduate Admissions Essays Mathematics - The True Universal Language   The true universal human language is not punctuated by accents or vowel intonations it does not spring from any particular continent it rises above ink on paper, scratches on the earth or daubs of paint on the wall of a cave.  No, I am a firm believer that the true universal human language is composed of numbers.  For while numerical characters may vary across the globe, the logic they convey transcends borders, localities, and customs. The language of numbers flows from the inherent human capacity to reason. It is my love for the reach and power of numbers that started my career in Mathematics and Electrical Engineering and has inspired me to pursue graduate work in Database Management Systems.  In my native Hungary, I was the winner of the national mathematics competition award before going on to study Mathematics at MIT.  My academic career at MIT was immensely enriching, and my hard work landed me at the top of my classes.  I was awarded the _____________ Scholarship and was on both the Computer Science National Deans List and the MIT University Deans List.  But just as important as my awards and honors was the assistance and support I re ceived from my professors, who not only taught but nurtured me.  As an undergraduate  Teaching Assistant under Dr. __________, I graded papers and worked with the students-an experience that encouraged me to think about a future teaching position.  And in my independent research study project in Complex Systems Theory, completed under the direction of Dr._________________, I was able to learn in a creative, exploratory fashion.   This project cemented my decision to venture into postgraduate studies.   My past projects centered around analyzing, formulating and delivering solutions in every stage of providing Microsoft-format software for major Fortune500 companies.  I have also designed a database system (implemented in SQL Server) and developed front end applications in Visual C++ and Visual Basic that used ODBC and DAO to access the server.  This work piqued my interest in doing research in the field of database systems, and I started to think mor e analytically about the limitations of relational databases.  I became interested in object-oriented databases, particularly their flexibility and their ability to meet the requirements of more complex structures.   In my graduate studies, I plan to focus my research on optimizing queries and improving the performance of complex systems such as image, engineering, or scientific database systems.

Epic Theatres :: essays research papers

Epic Theatres"Epic Theatre turns the spectator into an observer, but arouses his capacity foraction, forces him to employ decisions...the spectator stands outside, studies."(Bertolt Brecht. Brecht on Theatre. New YorkHill & Yang, 1964. p37)The concept of epic theatre was brought to life by German playwright, BertoltBrecht. This direction of theatre was inspired by Brechts Marxist politicalbeliefs. It was somewhat of a political platform for his ideologies. Epictheatre is the assimilation of education through entertainment and is theantithesis of Stanislavskys Realism and also Expressionism. Brecht believedthat, strange epic theatre, Expressionism and Realism were incapable of exposinghuman nature and so had no educational value. He conjectured that his form oftheatre was capable of provoking a veer in society. Brechts intention wasto encourage the audience to ponder, with critical detachment, the moraldilemmas presented before them.In order to analyse and evaluate the action occurring on stage, Brecht believedthat the audience must not allow itself to become emotionally involved in thestory. Rather they should, through a series of anti-illusive devices, feelalienated from it. The effect of this deliberate elision makes it difficultfor the audience to empathise with the characters and their predicament. Thus,they could study the plays social or political message and not the actualevents creation performed on stage. This process is called Verfremdungseffekt, orthe frenzy effect, where instead of identifying with the characters, theaudience is reminded that they are watching only a portrayal of reality.Several well-known Brechtian plays include Drums in the Night, Edward 2, TheThreepenny Opera, Rise and Fall of the town of Mahoganny, The Life of Galileo,The Good Person of Szechwan, Triple-A Plowed Under, One-Third of a Nation,Mother Courage and her children and the Caucasian Chalk Circle.A play whose dramatic structure and didactic purposes ep itomises epic theatre isThe Caucasian Chalk Circle (CCC). The prologue of this play transpires in aCaucasian village of the Soviet Union, where the raft of this village arebeing presented a play called The Chalk Circle. This play is narrated by a Singer and embarks on the story of a servant girl, Grusha, who rescues thegovernors son when their city locomote under siege. The son, Michael, has beenleft behind, without so much as a backward glance, by his fleeing mother.Grusha escapes, with Michael in her arms, to the mountains where they live forover a year. Along this journey, countless places and people are encountered,a number that would only occur in epic theatre.In truly epic fashion, the play then regresses to the beginning of the story and

John Nash, A Beautiful Mind Essay -- Mental Health, Schizophrenia

WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA?The modern definition of schizophrenic disorder describes it as a long-lasting psychotic disorder (involving a severe break with reality), in which in that location is an inability to distinguish what is real from fantasy as well as disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, and perception (Cic atomic number 18lli, p. 557). SYMPTOMSSchizophrenia includes several symptoms. One common symptom is delusions, which are false beliefs that the soul holds and that tend to remain fixed and unshakable even in the face of evidence that disproves the delusions (Cicarelli, p. 557).Other common symptoms include speech disturbances, in which people with schizophrenia make up words, repeat words or sentences persistently, string words together on the basis of sounds, and experience sudden interruptions in speech or thought. The thought patterns of those with schizophrenia are also significantly disturbed, as they have difficulty linking their thoughts together in logical ways (Cicarelli, p. 557).Individuals with schizophrenia may also experience hallucinations, in which they hear voices or see things or people who are not really there. Hearing voices and emotional disturbances are key symptoms in making a diagnosis of schizophrenia. An emotional disturbance known as flat effect is a condition in which the person shows little or no emotion. For example, emotions can be excessive and/or in assign - a person might laugh when it would be more appropriate to cry (Cicarelli, p. 557).A person with schizophrenia might also exhibit disorganized and extremely odd behavior. For example, some forms of schizophrenia are accompanied by periods of complete immobility, whereas others may involve weird facial grimaces and odd gesturing. Attention is al... ...nly suffered from auditory, not visual, hallucinations. There is also a seen in the film in which Nash is organism presented with pens from faculty members. In reality, no such custom exits. A Beautiful Mind is a remarkable movie that sheds light on a intricate and debilitating disorder, in which the person seems to have no control over. It is enlightening and heart warming, I would highly recommend this movie. I must admit, the first conviction I watch the movie, I went into it not knowing anything about schizophrenia and when it was over, I still felt like I didnt fully deduct the disorder however, the second time I watched with the knowledge of what schizophrenia is and all of the various symptoms and I find it astonishing that Nash was able to overcome the disorder by sheer willpower over his own mind, as he chose to ignore the voices in his head.

speech :: essays research papers

Persuasive sampleIn the world today one never knows what to expect, The Attacks of folk the 11th were only the beginning of our nation being challenged. of late in that respect has been a intumescent amount of worldwide media coverage showing the damage of the world, attacks on churches, embassies, hotels, as well as schools. Any particular aras were Americans are or where there are large groups of people inhibit. And yet this is not only Americas war it is a war that we are all receiving impact from. numerous Israelis whitethorn intuitive knowing that Americans deserve to be punished, and many are upset with Yasir Arfat, as a result of their anger suicide bombers feel that they need to take a stand for their cause at the expense of themselves as well as others primarily Americans. In severalize to create change The Israeli people need to take a stand to sustain stop the attacks on innocent lives our lives and the lives of those we love. March 18,2001 two Americans died as well as tierce others when two terrorists threw grenades into a Prostant church near the American embassy, this attack was aimed at Americans, killing embassy employee Barbara Green and her teenage daughter. Many Americans feel outrage at the attacks that are currently taking place, however the attack with Barbara Green hits close to home two innocent Americans killed by grenades while tour a foreign res publica bodies blown into undescriable bloody images. This is an outrage, and the Israeli people need to take a stand to help stop these terrorists attacks from happening, just as our innocent Americans are be killed, an Israeli can be harmed in the process. Is that what needs to happed before Israelis take a stand? after the attack on September 11th America had a tragic loss, the mass deaths of a wide rage of nationatalities were to be accounted for on American soil. We as a country cast off accepted our lose and have moved in, in hopes for peace in our society. And yet whe never we begin to feel safe there has been another attack on either on of our churches, or our people. Daily there are attempts being made to harm innocent Americans. When will you help to make the Attacks stop? rage is all many know however peace has an overall justice that out weight the effects of violence.With Passover just at a lower place we were hoping for a peace accordance to come into effect, especially after the attacks killing two Americans on March 18,2001.speech essays research papers Persuasive EssayIn the world today one never knows what to expect, The Attacks of September the 11th were only the beginning of our nation being challenged. Lately there has been a large amount of worldwide media coverage showing the damage of the world, attacks on churches, embassies, hotels, as well as schools. Any particular areas were Americans are or where there are large groups of people inhibit. And yet this is not only Americas war it is a war that we are all receiving impac t from. Many Israelis may feel that Americans deserve to be punished, and many are upset with Yasir Arfat, as a result of their anger suicide bombers feel that they need to take a stand for their cause at the expense of themselves as well as others primarily Americans. In order to create change The Israeli people need to take a stand to help stop the attacks on innocent lives our lives and the lives of those we love. March 18,2001 two Americans died as well as three others when two terrorists threw grenades into a Prostant church near the American embassy, this attack was aimed at Americans, killing embassy employee Barbara Green and her teenage daughter. Many Americans feel outrage at the attacks that are currently taking place, however the attack with Barbara Green hits close to home two innocent Americans killed by grenades while visiting a foreign country bodies blown into undescriable bloody images. This is an outrage, and the Israeli people need to take a stand to help stop th ese terrorists attacks from happening, just as our innocent Americans are be killed, an Israeli can be harmed in the process. Is that what needs to happed before Israelis take a stand? After the attack on September 11th America had a tragic loss, the mass deaths of a wide rage of nationatalities were to be accounted for on American soil. We as a country have accepted our lose and have moved in, in hopes for peace in our society. And yet whenever we begin to feel safe there has been another attack on either on of our churches, or our people. Daily there are attempts being made to harm innocent Americans. When will you help to make the Attacks stop? Violence is all many know however peace has an overall justice that out weight the effects of violence.With Passover just under we were hoping for a peace treaty to come into effect, especially after the attacks killing two Americans on March 18,2001.

speech :: essays research papers

Persuasive EssayIn the world today one never knows what to expect, The Attacks of folk the 11th were only the set-back of our nation being challenged. Lately there has been a large amount of worldwide media coverage showing the damage of the world, round downs on churches, embassies, hotels, as hygienic as schools. Any particular beas were Americans are or where there are large groups of people inhibit. And yet this is not only Americas struggle it is a war that we are all receiving impact from. Many Israelis may feel that Americans deserve to be punished, and many are touch with Yasir Arfat, as a endpoint of their anger suicide bombers feel that they need to cod a stand for their cause at the expense of themselves as well as others primarily Americans. In order to create change The Israeli people need to topic a stand to care stop the attacks on barren lives our lives and the lives of those we love. March 18,2001 two Americans died as well as three others when two terro rists threw grenades into a Prostant church near the American embassy, this attack was aimed at Americans, killing embassy employee Barbara honey oil and her teenage daughter. Many Americans feel outrage at the attacks that are currently taking place, however the attack with Barbara Green hits soaked to home two irreproachable Americans killed by grenades while visiting a foreign country bodies blown into undescriable bloody images. This is an outrage, and the Israeli people need to take a stand to inspection and repair stop these terrorists attacks from happening, just as our innocent Americans are be killed, an Israeli can be distressed in the process. Is that what needs to happed originally Israelis take a stand? After the attack on September 11th America had a tragic loss, the mass deaths of a wide rage of nationatalities were to be accounted for on American soil. We as a country have accepted our lose and have moved in, in hopes for field pansy in our society. And yet wh enever we protrude to feel safe there has been another attack on either on of our churches, or our people. Daily there are attempts being made to harm innocent Americans. When will you help to make the Attacks stop? Violence is all many know however peace has an boilersuit justice that out metric weight unit the effects of violence.With Passover just under we were hoping for a peace treaty to come into effect, especially after the attacks killing two Americans on March 18,2001.speech essays research papers Persuasive EssayIn the world today one never knows what to expect, The Attacks of September the 11th were only the beginning of our nation being challenged. Lately there has been a large amount of worldwide media coverage showing the damage of the world, attacks on churches, embassies, hotels, as well as schools. Any particular areas were Americans are or where there are large groups of people inhibit. And yet this is not only Americas war it is a war that we are all receivin g impact from. Many Israelis may feel that Americans deserve to be punished, and many are upset with Yasir Arfat, as a result of their anger suicide bombers feel that they need to take a stand for their cause at the expense of themselves as well as others primarily Americans. In order to create change The Israeli people need to take a stand to help stop the attacks on innocent lives our lives and the lives of those we love. March 18,2001 two Americans died as well as three others when two terrorists threw grenades into a Prostant church near the American embassy, this attack was aimed at Americans, killing embassy employee Barbara Green and her teenage daughter. Many Americans feel outrage at the attacks that are currently taking place, however the attack with Barbara Green hits close to home two innocent Americans killed by grenades while visiting a foreign country bodies blown into undescriable bloody images. This is an outrage, and the Israeli people need to take a stand to help stop these terrorists attacks from happening, just as our innocent Americans are be killed, an Israeli can be harmed in the process. Is that what needs to happed before Israelis take a stand? After the attack on September 11th America had a tragic loss, the mass deaths of a wide rage of nationatalities were to be accounted for on American soil. We as a country have accepted our lose and have moved in, in hopes for peace in our society. And yet whenever we begin to feel safe there has been another attack on either on of our churches, or our people. Daily there are attempts being made to harm innocent Americans. When will you help to make the Attacks stop? Violence is all many know however peace has an overall justice that out weight the effects of violence.With Passover just under we were hoping for a peace treaty to come into effect, especially after the attacks killing two Americans on March 18,2001.

Industrialization and Urbanization of Indian Society

In the recent years, the industrialization and urbanization of Indian society has led to an increase in the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere. airmanship contaminant is defined as a mixture of solid particles and gases in the credit line which has harmful and poisonous effects. Various experiments and studies have shown that long boundary exposure to such seam pollution can lead to serious health issues such as aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness, accelerated maturement of lungs, diseases like asthma, bronchitis, cancer and a shortened life span.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 12 million people die from environmental health risks annually. Air pollution has become the 4th highest risk factor for premature deaths.Such degradation in the air quality levels has made air pollution a serious threat at a global level, especially for the developing countries, towards the sustainability of mankind. This has grabbed the attention of publi c as well as the government agencies.An air quality index (AQI) is a parameter used by the government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air quality currently is and how polluted it is reckon to become. As the AQI of a region increases, an increasingly large percentage of population of that area will experience adverse health effects.Several projects have been launched to combat air pollution in all major countries worldwide.For e.g. 1) Hebei Air Pollution Prevention and Control Program (HAP- 201618) project in China to reduce the emissions of specific pollutants in Hebei 2) The Odd-Even Scheme implemented by the Indian Government in national capital Delhi (2016). There are ceaseless fighting efforts for air pollution drop-off all around the world.As an endeavor on the course of machine learning based air quality forecasting, this report presents an initiative and algorithmic lucubrate of various statistical models in solving this challenging problem. The Mach ine Learning models used in this paper, to facilitate the prediction of pollutant concentrations, includeLinear regressionLogistic RegressionPolynomial regressionRandom Forest ClassificationDecision tree diagram RegressionDecision Tree ClassificationSupport Vector regressionSupport Vector ClassificationKNN ClassificationWe target our air pollution forecast to the city of Delhi, India as it is at the forefront for battling against air pollution. We focus on predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI) level of Delhi, as it is a quantitative method to profile air pollution level. In order to reduce the pollution levels in Delhi, we will be analyzing 5 pollutants and 5 other environment parameters responsible for increase in AQI levels. The fixed station data is taken for 3 place namely NSIT (Dwarka), RK Puram and Shadipur .ObjectivesCompare results of Air Quality Index (AQI) values obtained by different regression models and therefore propose the best model.Classify the dataset into 5 dif ferent AQI categories, and then use Classification models to forecast the pollution category for next month.Analyze the most prominent pollutant, using Back Propagation, responsible for air pollution and suggest methods to look it.The rest of this paper is organized as follows Section II describes related work, and Section III provides background on data sources, participatory sensing systems and inside information the 5 regression and 5 classification models used in this study.Section IV describes the steps in our model, while model implementation and estimation true statement is studied in Section V. The paper concludes in Section VI.

Back in the Day

Back in The Day I remember being a kid, and it was so fun. Just being yourself as adept psyche, compared to what the kids do now. Living the in now moment, instead of looking into the future. I will talk about the pre-teenagers now as to when I was a pre-teenager. Im not saying the children now are bad it is just that times drive re wholey changed. Back in my prime, as a child, I love playing in the outdoors. Could not get enough of it I could stay outside all day, but I obviously couldnt.If all I had was a ball I could find a fashion to play any type of game. In todays world kids have all different new technology and devices most dont go outside and play unless they are forced to. They stay indoors on the weekend, when it is eighty-six degrees outside, and play computer games until it is time for supper. There is one good thing that comes with the kids technology they have games that help them learn, and a lot of them. As to the only game we had on computers was Kid Pix, which was just a drawing board you could do things on.I also remember when I was little the technology was vigor compared to today, or what kids have now. I had a Woody doll from Toy Story, and you pulled his string so he would talk. As to young kids have talking babies and put through figures without pulling a string. When I was younger you did chores because you felt you had to help out the family out in some way, or you did them because you were forced into doing them. Actually I loved washing, cleaning, and also drying dishes with my parents. It was almost like bonding time.My br separate or I didnt even think about back talking to my parents, or else we would have to go kneel in the corner for a certain amount of time. Boys and girls today, I dont think they do chores for any reason, or do them at all. You can somewhat blame the parents for not being more strict, but some kids still wouldnt do it. Another thing I had when I was little was hand-me-down clothes from my brother. I tho ught it was so cool finally being able to wear his clothes. That meant I was growing or getting as big as him.Kids today get new clothes all the time, whether to buy them for fun, buying clothes to follow their idols, or other reasons. The children have more of a variety of clothes today compared to the early two thousands or late nineteen-nineties. I think personally children have it way easier than I had it as a child, but every kid lives life better than his or her parents, or someone older than them. Every little person just needs to thank their parents everyday for everything they have in their life.

Intention to create legal relations Essay

Before looking at if the intention to make out legal relations should be utilize to replace condition, it is important to look at how these doctrines fit into the essential elements in a rationalise. Their use will then be discussed, together with the doctrine of promissory estoppel. In evaluating these principles reference will be made to pillowcase law, judicial comment and of leading contract academics achievement. Finally, thought will be given to the upcoming of rumination, and if it is bland necessary today, when so many other(a) countries pull in adopted alternative approaches to ensuring that contracts atomic number 18 binding.In the general anatomyation of contracts two elements are vital. Firstly, the offer, an indication by one someone prepared to contract with another, on certain terms, which are fixed, or capable of being fixed at the time the offer is made.1 Secondly, at that place must be an acceptance, an unconditional assent to a definite offer.2 Thes e two combine to create certainty that a contract has been formed, for, as in Scammell v Ouston (1941),3 if an agreement is uncertain on some important issuethe courts will determine on that point is no contract.4 Following this, the elements of consideration and intent reserve the contracts body and substance5So, what is implyt by consideration and the intention to create legal relations? side of meat law usually requires proof that the parties gull made a bargain, or agreement,6 this is known as the benefit and detriment test. (Currie v Misa (1875))7 or a benefit to one party or a detriment to another.8 So, in practical terms consideration can be defined as what one party in an agreement is giving, or promising, in exchange for what is being given, or promised, by the other side. 9 This provides mutuality, making the contract enforceable. The Oxford Dictionary of practice of law definition states, Consideration is essential to the validity of any contract other than one ma de by deed. Without consideration an agreement not made by deed is not binding it is a nudum pactum (naked agreement) governed by the apothegm ex nudo pacto non oritur bring through (a right of action does not arise out of a naked agreement.)10 English law does not rely on formality as a way of identifying intention to create a legally binding contract.Instead it focuses on offer, acceptance and consideration.11 If these are present,and unless rebutted by contrary evidence, courts travel on the basis of two legal presumptions, that there is no intention to be bound in domestic or social arrangements, but there is intention to be bound in commercial agreements.12 Professor B.A.Hepple claims that there is no need of a separate requirement of intention, and that a bargain, involving mutuality is sufficient. These views are not generally accepted as it is widely agreed that identifying the parties intentions is essential to the role of the courts when establishing if a contract was made.13(mf)It is useful to look at wherefore English law has become so reliant on the consideration element of a contract, and why it has frequently been used as the badge of enforceability,14 Professor Atiyah argues that consideration originally meant a reason for enforcing an agreement.15 Early forms of contract law mainly involved agreements regarding debt, covenant, or detinue ie., wrongful detention of property, and were only binding if under seal. This method, which inevitable a degree of form such as writing or a deed, was used to pr flatt fraud and proved that there was an intention to create legal relations. Consideration was first used in the sixteenth ampere-second when, in order to enforce informal agreements, the law of assumsit was developed.16 So, while that the law would, still not enforce merely costless promises, the law had to develop an element that could distinguish between a proper contractual agreement, and something less that would not.17Due to the Law o f Property Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1989, form is still required for contracts involving the sale of land. It is similarly used to offer consumers protection in hire procure and consumer credit agreements. In the English Common law system, a promise is not legally binding as part of a contract notwithstanding if it is made in a deed or supported by some consideration. 18 Sir Guenter Treitel Q.C., describes the purpose of consideration as,to put some legal limits on the enforceability of agreements even where they are intended to be legally binding and are not vitiated by some incidentorsuch as mistake, misrepresentation, duress or illegality.19This is a peculiarity found only in English law. In some civil law countries, promises that in England would not be considered binding collectible to lack of consideration, can be en coerce if they have been made in some notarised writing. The European Civil Law systems were formed around the fifteenth century and based on the Roman C atholic Code of Canon law and the value of good faith. Due to this, their courts take the view that all lawful and unfeigned agreements are contracts.20 As English law has developed there has been an insistence on the use of consideration and intention to create legal relations in order to enforce a contract. (Balfour v Balfour (1919))21 Although it may not be easy to find consideration in a contract, (Ward v Byham (1956))22 it could be asked why it is thought to be necessary at all.Originally, the basic idea of consideration was to show that A had bought Bs promise.23 (Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd (1915))24 However, there was a general principle of non-interference in the concerns of other people. thitherfore, the doctrine was not strictly enforced it was enough to provide sufficiency of consideration it did not have to be adequate. This meant that, the consideration provided by one party need not equal in value the consideration provided by the other party.25 (Thomas v Thomas (1842))26 Since this case it was assumed that consideration must have at least some economic value, and that it must be, something which has some value in the eye of the law.27(mf)The use of the word sufficiency also causes uncertainty. Courts have decided it must be real, not as in White v Bluett (1853)28 where a son tried to use a promise to stop complaining over the dispersal of his fathers property as consideration. Although, there was an economic element, as a father promised not to enforce the repayment of a debt owed to him by his son, it was held that,The son had no right to complain, for the father might make whatdistribution of his property as he liked and the sons abstaining from what he had no right to do can be no consideration.29 In this case the court took the view that this type of moral obligation could not be used as any form of value, in other cases the courts appear to well-nigh invent consideration so contracts can be enforced.30 As in Ward v Byham (1956) where happiness was used.In Chappell & Co v Nestle Co Ltd., (1960),31 the base of Lords held that chocolate wrappers undeniable to buy records in a special promotion were part of the consideration. The wrappers had no monetary value, for upon receipt Nestles would plainly discard them.32 Therefore, even something valueless could be used as consideration. From this it can be seen that consideration does not guarantee fairness of bargains. Indeed it could be argued that, as this would not fit the benefit and detriment test, this type of nominal bargain33 should not be allowed.This is the close problematic area of the rules surrounding consideration. To start with, the position that consideration need not be adequate, just sufficient, means it does not need to be of equal value to that which the other party is offering. This could lead to injustice. There could be some perfectly good reason why A sells his Mercedes to B for a token amount, but what if he is under dure ss, perhaps being blackmailed by B.34 Similarly, it is quite fair that, as in Stilk v Myrick (1809)35 performance of an existing contractual duty was held to be insufficient consideration. An employee should not be allowed to hold his employer to ransom in this way, unless it is proven that the situation changed significantly, and he has undertaken a considerable extra workload after the promise of extra pay. (Hartley v Ponsonby (1857))36So why do the courts permit the token element in bargains at all? It has been said that, consideration was originally the reason for the enforcement of a promise.37 Therefore, even token bargains have a purpose by providing evidence that the parties take the agreement seriously, and show an intention to create legal relations.The doctrine of consideration was also used was where transmutation promises were made regarding the part payment of debts. The general rule as established in Pinnels case (1602)38 was that the gift of a horse, hawk or robe, e tc in satisfaction is good. 39 The assumption being that providing something in consideration might be more beneficial to the plaintiff than waiting for the money.40 This rule was confirmed in the House of Lords in Foakes v Beer (1884)41. This practical benefit was also the principle in Williams v Roffey Brothers (1990)42 where it was advantageous to pay more for the same work. However, the rule in Pinnels Case can be avoided by providing extra consideration, altering the way payment is made, by paying ahead, at a different time or place or via third party.43 Possibly due to this, the Law revision Committee 1937 recommended the abolition of the rule in Pinnels Case, but so outlying(prenominal) that has not happened.44Lord Denning tried a different approach with his use of the equitable principle of promissory estoppel. In his obiter statement in Central capital of the United Kingdom Property Trust v High Trees House (1947),45 he stated that, a promise intended to be binding, inten ded to be acted upon, and in fact acted on, is binding so far as its terms properly apply.46Due to this it was held that a promise could be enforced without consideration if it would be wrong for that person to go back on a promise and there has been a reliance on it.47 He based his views on Lord Cairns comments in the earlier equitable going case of Hughes vMetropolitan Railway (1877)48It has been suggested that the promisee must have suffered a detriment from reliance on a promise. Lord Denning denied that this was necessary, claiming that someone just needed to have acted on the belief induced by the other party. (W J Alan & Co v El Nasr (1972))49. Other limitations exist, promissory estoppel only applies to the modification or discharge of an existing contractual obligation, 50 therefrom legality is a shield not a sword, it will not allow someone to use equity to instigate a cause ofaction.51 (Coombe v Coombe (1951)52The promise not to enforce rights must be clear and unequiv ocal, in The Scaptrade (1983)53 it was held that the fact that they hadnt enforced their wax rights in the olden was not sufficient. It must be inequitable for the promisor to go back on his promise, in D & C Builders v Rees (1966)54, Mrs Rees had forced the builders to accept her cheque by inequitable means and so could not rely on promissory estoppel,55 for he who comes to equity must do so with clean hands. 56 This doctrine is also contrary to the House of Lords decisions in Jorden v Money ( 1854)57 and Foakes v Beer (1884)As can be seen from these cases, unlike in the past when a gentlemans word was his bond, people can no longer be relied upon to keep gratuitous promises, however seriously meant. They are also likely to use litigation if they later wish to go back on them. Treitel points out that, the doctrine of consideration has attracted much criticism, 58 as even the most flimsy evidence is given as consideration, so its use has become somewhat dubious. The doctrine is a n historical accident that foreign systems do without. 59To overcome these problems, parliament could extend the scope of existing legislation by using form to prove the intention to create legal relations in more situations than now. That would mean that although not needed for basic everyday events like shopping, or private domestic arrangements eg., babysitting, all other contracts of a financial or contractual temperament would have to have written agreements.As Treitel says, English law does recognise, in the deed, a perfectly safe and relatively simple means of making gratuitous promises binding. 60These would be subject to the usual rules applying to the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, the Consumer Protection Act 1987, the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, etc., In the event of a bitterness regarding a contract with no written agreement, the courts could consider it to be void, as there was no proof of an intention to create legal relations and therefore the contr act has no legal effect.Any money paid out under such a contract would be recoverable and any work that has been done maybe compensated on a quantum meruit basis.61 Care would also have to be taken to ensure the rights of third parties are protected.62 The use of form as proof of the intention to create legal relations would provide a useful safeguard against rashpromises.63 Although, this does not solve the problem of action in reliance on an informal promise the court maybe able to give some effect to the promise under the doctrine of waiver or in equity.64

Not My Best Side

How does the lanuage used create effects? The following paragraphs explore how language is used to create effects in the poem Not my Best perspective by U. A. Fanthorpe, an ekphrastic poem that uses the free verse form arranged in three stanzas of nineteen lines each. Its purpose is to entertain, which it does through the use of humour, using Standard side in an informal, conversational manner. Dramatic monologues from the characters re-tell from their own perspective, the historical myth of a brave knight that slays a fearsome genus Draco and rescues a damsel in distress.There are some differences however, and playing with the readers expectations and using modern stereotypes in place of the historically accepted character roles is where much of the humour is derived. the dragon, unlike its mythological counterpart has quite a sophisticated vocabulary, use of adjectives like ostentatiously beardless and the idiom old chap suggests an intelligent, well spoken, stereotypical Britis h, Upper Class gentleman, the antithesis of a fell monster. The line Not my best side, Im afraid. , reveals the dragons self conciousness and obsession with appearance, a reocurring theme. The nouns artist and pose indicate the poem is about a character in a painting and the dragon is highly critical of both the painter, Poor chap, he had this obsession with Triangles, so he left off two of my Feet. and the other characters, Why should my victim be so Unattractive as to be inedible,. It is the comical and conversational tone that makes the dragon so likeable and lots of rhetorical questions draw the reader in, peculiarly (What, after all, are two feet To a monster? which, enclosed in brackets gives the impression the dragon is addressing the reader directly. Continuing the pattern of reversing the stereotypes, the little girl is presented as a slightly feminist, with a mind of her own, Its hard for a girl to be sure if She wants to be rescued. , non the typical damsel in distr ess and likewise, not the naive maiden expected in this kind of myth, euphemisms such as, He made me feel he was all ready to Eat me. And any girl enjoys that. and the dragon Well, you could see all his equipment At a glance. are quite crude sexual innuendo of a sexually aware individual. She is a modern, tender woman indicated by the nouns she uses, hardware, acne, blackheads, and is just as obsessed by appearance as the dragon, He was So nicely physical, with his claws And lovely green skin, and that sexy tail, it is provoke that her opinion of the dragon is much more flattering than his opinion of himself. It is also ironic in view of the dragons opinion of her, she thinks the dragon fancies her And the way he looked at me,.Perhaps she is still a little naive, and the final lines of the second stanza, Still, what could I do? The dragon got himself beaten by the boy, And a girls got to think of her future. suggests a current helplessness, as though there really is no escape f rom the role assigned to her by society, despite her own desires. The final stanza opens with a very strange line, I have diplomas in Dragon Management and Virgin Reclamation. , especially if one takes a moment to consider the training involved in pure(a) reclamation.It suggests the knight has recently completed his training and is quite young, perhaps his first day on the job. Despite the humour, he is nothing like the chivalrous knights of legend. He is arrogant, You cant Do better than me at the moment. Clearly a product of the modern age, and obsessed with gadgets, My horse is the latest model , Much of his language is from a modern lexicon, management, reclamation, prototype etc and from the semantic field of modernity, contemporary, latest, and at the moment all of which place him in the present rather than the era in which this myth has its roots.He seems a little confused when confronted by the girls modern, feminist attitude, Dont You want to carry out the roles That soc iology and myth have designed for you? . He repeats the words Dont you? three times, deciding chauvinistically, what the girl wants is irrelevant, What, in any case, does it involvement what You want? Youre in my way. .